Haitianimmigrants

Buenker, J., Ratner, L. (2005). //Multiculturalism in the United States//. West Port: Greenwood Press. This source discusses the identity issues Haitian face in the United States. Haitian’s do not want to be considered African Americans because they feel they will lose opportunities and they do not want to be considered Haitian-Americans because of the stereotypes. It also discusses Haitian communities. Haitian communities were started to preserve their culture.
 * RESOURCES ON HAITIAN IMMIGRANTS**

Santana, M., Dancy, B. (2000). The stigma of being named “AIDS Carriers” on Haitian-American women. //Health Care for Women International, 21//: 161-171. This was research done on the effects of being stereotyped as an AIDS carrier on Haitian-American women. The women tell the problems they face daily with this stigma. Some the effects were rejection by dominate society, self doubt, effect on self- esteem, effect on intimate relationships and rejection by Haitians.

Phelps, L. (2003). Cultural Competency and Haitian Immigrants. Retrieved April 7, 2010 from http://www.salisbury.edu/nursing/haitiancultcomp/begin.htm This website gives basic information about Haiti than leads into family roles, and workforce issues. It also tells a lot about pregnancy for Haitian women and their health behaviors. It gives a lot of information about gender issues Haitian-Americans face.

Haiti. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Haiti.html This website talks about the basics of culture of the Haitian people. Simple facts about the country, social and political life, healthcare, gender roles, and religion are a few of the different topics discussed in this website. Family, religion, and healthcare are explained well in this website.

Levitt, M, Lane, J, & Levitt, J. (2003). Immigration stress, social stress, social support, and adjustment in the first post-migration year: an intergenerational analysis. This article was based on a study that looked in to the stresses of immigration in the first year. The study focused on the relationships between stress and social support systems, the levels of stress in parents compared to children, and the comparisons between different immigrant groups. Haitians were found to have the highest level of stress out of all of the immigrant groups.

The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. (n.d.). Haitian immigration:20th century. Retrieved from http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/landing.cfm?migration=12

The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture created a website that held information from the In Motion: The African-American Migration Experience. This website is organized into thirteen different migrations that changed African Americans. One of the migrations is the Haiti Immigration from 1970 to the present. There is also a Haiti migration from the 18th and 19th century that this website talks about. A wide variety of information is talked about from politics, family life, statistics, and more.

Benson, J. (2006). Exploring the racial identities of black immigrants in the united states. //Sociological Forum//, //21//(2) This article talks about black immigrants and their racial identities. The source talks about the process of racialization of black migrant groups in the U.S. and how the U.S. racial identity affects them. Also in the article is the importance of native origin, the multiple dimensions of racial identity and a case study.

Blaes, J. (2007, July 26). //Hurricane Jeanne.// Retrieved April 19, 2010, from NCSU: [|http://www4.ncsu.edu/~nwsfo/storage/cases/20040927/] This webpage is information all related to Hurricane Jeanne. It gives a basic overview of the storm and then in depth details. Many photographs are included such as Doppler Radar images and images of the damages in various places.

//Facts About Haiti.// (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2010, from iloveindia.com: [] This webpage lists facts about Haiti. There are useful tidbits about history and miscellaneous items that help to understand Haiti’s origins and such. It gives in depth information about the island, its departments and size.

Mason, A. (2010, January 17). //Haiti's history: revolution, subjugation.// Retrieved April 19, 2010, from CBS News: [|http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/01/17/sunday/main6107857.shtml] This is a news article talking about the 2010 earthquake. It talks about Haiti’s rough past and how this is just another event to add to the troubles Haiti has had. It gives a background of some of the rough times Haiti has had and says Haiti will just have to deal with the blow and come away from it like the country has with every other blow it has been given.

Perrin, Richard E & Unaeze, Felix Eme. //Haitian Americans.// Retrieved from [] This website was broken down the various aspects of what Haitian Immigrants experience. It also included a brief section of the country's history as well as what life was like for them before they came to America. One of the most useful features of this website was that it had a lot of details about the specifics of their culture.

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. //In Motion: The African American Migration Experience.// Retrieved from [|http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/topic.cfm;jsessionid=f83012808212717749743] __ 62?migration=12&topic=8&tab=image&bhcp=1.html __ This website was an extremely useful source due to the fact that it was broken up into many of the categories needed for our research. It contained a section for each category and had a lot of information. Also, it contains more than 60 maps and many illustrations which was helpful.

Haitians: Their History and Culture.13 April 2010 //Cultural Orientation Research Center//. Web This source was a web article. Its main premise was the culture of Haitian’s and how it has changed over time. A small part of the article dealt with Haitian Education.

Imbokette, Yollette. "Haitian Students- Educational Challenges and Strategies for Success." Lecture. Race, Culture, Identity, and Achievement. BTU Hall, Boston. //Achievement Seminars//. 2007-2008. Web. 13 Apr. 2010. This source was an actual presentation given in Boston and the materials were presented online. The presentation focused on the struggles of Haitian students here in the U.S. Also, it spoke about ways teachers and the community could help these students overcome the obstacles.

Michaud, Magalie. "A Culture Study on Haitian Students in South Florida." //CSMS Magazine//. July 2003. Web. 13 Apr. 2010. This was an article I found in an online magazine. It dealt specifically with the education of Haitian students in South Florida, as well as ways they differ from traditional American students. Another large part of the article dealt with ways a teacher can connect with and understand the Haitian student.


 * []

This article is about the education in Haiti. It focuses on the what people are doing to try to help and how difficult it is for children to get an educaiton. []

[] This source gives the general background about Haiti. It includes statistics about the people, geography, and its economy.

http://www.everyculture.com/North-America/Haitians-Kinship-Marriage-and-Family.html This article gives a background on the Haitian family at home because of the language barrier between child and parent.

http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1989/1/89.01.08.x.html This source gives a background on why Haitians came to America and what they lived in when they got here. Along with the language spoken.

This source gives a break down of all the things wrong with the Haitian education system. Including fees, high demand, not enough qualified teachers, feeding the children, etc. [|__http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/0,,contentMDK:21896642~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:258554,00.html__] http://www.usaid.gov/stories/haiti/ss_haiti_education.html This source talks about the struggles the people of Haiti endure to get a good education. Gives background about an U.S. program that helps fund education in Haiti.

This source gives an overview of Haiti's political structure and how it has affected immigration to the US. [|http://www.haiti-usa.org/modern/evolution.php]**

etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0017320/craythorne_j.pdf
 * This source is a pdf file that discusses the issues that Haitians have when assimilating in America. There is alot of information that talks about issues with education and socioeconomic status. (I was not able to attach a link for this one because its a pdf file, so just copy the website and paste it in a new web browser and it will bring up the pdf file.)

This source gives background about everything to do with Haiti. Some of the important parts that pertain to the class is the acculturation and assimilation sections and the family and community dynamics. http://www.scribd.com/doc/2877920/HaitianAmerican-Article**

This is a book called Multiculturalism in the United States edited by John D. Buenker and Lorman A. Ratner. This book goes into detail about the many different ethnicities in the United States and all the issues that occur. There is a whole section on page 173 that talks about Haitian Americans.**
 * [|http://books.google.com/books?id=J5o3fYIOkg4C&dq=Buenker+%2B+Ratner++%2B+Multiculturalism+in+the+United+States&printsec=frontcover]

This article is an analysis of a stud conducted with West Indian and Haitian Immigrants. It was to research the perspectives on racial mistrust experienced by West Indian and Haitian Immigrant students in elementary and middle school. By racial mistrust the author means Racial mistrust can lead students to become uninterested in learning, and lead to higher dropout rates, and failing grades. Overall, this discussion compares their data to academic performance in order to try to understand more fully the impact of racial mistrust on West Indian and Haitian immigrant students.
 * || [|http://web.ebscohost.com.wsuproxy.mnpals.net/ehost/pdf?vid=4&hid=5&sid=96261bdc-efc4-4479-8c37-5055ded1564e%40SRCSM1]

[|http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/14/education/14education.html?_r=1&ref=] education&pagewanted=print This article from the New York Times covers an issue that was occurring in Ney York in regards to high schools. There were two larger high schools within a given area that were going to close and create smaller art designed schools. However, Tilden, one of the high schools, provided solid support for Haitian immigrant students, even having Creole classes for ESL students. With the new arts school, the language program would be dropped, and as well, they were only allowing a very limited amount of ESL students, from all ethnicities, to be accepted into the schools. The students who would not be accepted would have to be bussed to a different location and attend schooling at the designated school of choice.

[] This is research done in Boston about the Haitian immigration to Boston, MA. Haitians are Boston’s fastest and largest growing immigrant population group. It discusses the attributions Haitian immigrants bring to the United States along with their struggles assimilating into the United States. Part of the research discusses the immigration in Boston with all ethnic backgrounds and then also discusses Haitian’s immigration patterns. It discusses the history of Haitian immigration and also the success stories of Haitian immigrants.

[] This website discusses Haitian immigrants in five different communities. Five Haitian speakers spoke at Trinity College in Washington, DC and the notes of what they presented on are on this website. It discusses the challenges, achievement, and immigration patterns in the five different cities. It also talks about the history of Haiti (under Haiti basics). ||  ||

[|**http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/28/us/28haitians.html?_r=1**]** This article discusses the current political issue about the deportation of Haitian immigrants. **

[|**http://www.fhsai.org/component/option,com_weblinks/catid,15/Itemid,54/**]** This website includes different Haitian student organizations that provide support to Haitian immigrants. **

[|**http://www.census.gov/srd/papers/pdf/ev92-7.pdf**] ** This article includes information about a census involving Haitian immigrants.

[|http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1729150,00.html] ** This article talks about the food shortage in Haiti that has made conditions worse of a majority of the population living there.

[|http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/apr/29/2] __T__ his article discusses issues of poverty and political violence that force Haitians to leave the country.

[] This article discusses many of the obstacles that Haitian immigrants and Haitian Americans face in the U.S. education system. It explains some of the differences from Haitian schools and U.S. schools. [] This article discusses the culture of Haitian children. It explains why Haitian students may behave a certain way that is very different from U.S. culture.

__Danielle Price__ [|www.brookings.edu/metro/pubs/20050901_haiti.pdf] -Brooking Institute: The Haitian Community in Miami-Dade--> This article focus on the Haitian Community in the Miami-Dade area. The main focus is the economic status of the Haitian adults in the area. The graphs in this article were used in the presentation to create a link between the parents socioeconomic status and the outcome of the student's educational success.

[|famlit.org/atf/cf/.../HS-Children of Immigrants.pdf] -Children of Immigrants and Their Achievement--> This article is a study that focuses on the children of immigrants being discussed in class and their ability to succeed. The article is great because its main focuses correlate with Conceptual Framework chart given in class.

[|http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/library/P960.pdf] -CRS report for Congress- U.S. Immigration policy for Haitians

[|http://www.migrationinformation.org/USFocus/display.cfm?ID=214] -Data and facts related to changes taking place in Haiti and for Haitians in the U.S.

[|http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/landing.cfm;jsessionid=f8302175971240274256842?migration=12&bhcp=1] -A more interactive website about Haitian immigrants in the U.S.

[|http://www.palmbeach.k12.fl.us/PublicAffairs/Creole/May2007HansPEveillardFirstPlaceEssay.htm-] -This is an award winning essay written by a 9th grader on the challenges that face Haitian and Haitian-American students in the US.

[|http://www.jstor.org/stable/645083?&Search=yes&term=students&term=haitian&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dhaitian%2Bstudents%2Bin%2BUS%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=7&ttl=2682&returnArticleService=showArticle] -This is an article from JStor about a Haitian musician that died of AIDS, but altered how people viewed it/him.

[|http://jmcstrategies.com/2009/03/20/will-obama-grant-tps-to-haitian-immigrants/] -This article is about President Obama and his possible turn around of the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) which in turn would allow Haitian immigrants to be protected against deportation.

[|http://www.earthyfamily.com/H-Culture.htm] -This website gives a lot of information about the Haitian culture and the country of Haiti.

[] -This is a website that has several links to articles about Haitian immigrants and US policies from 1999-2006.

[] - An overview of Haitian culture, and how they are combining their culture with their new lives in America. It is a great source to learn more about Haitian background of students.

[] - Department of Multicultural Education's guide to teachers and students on Haitian American Curriculum.

[] -This article examines the orientation, history and ethnic relations, urbanism, architecture, and the use of space, food and economy, social stratification, and much more!

[] -Brodwin's article examines the marginal identity of Haitians and the idea of "belonging" within the greater society of America.

[] -Oswald's study demonstrates ethnic consumers' tendency to "culture swap" when making the choice between purchases that are indicative of their own culture and purchases that are indicative of the host culture.

[] -This article examines the idea that most Haitian immigrants lack awareness and consciousness of their own race and opines why this could be.

[] - this article is the result of a study of 5,266 second-generation high school students of Cuban, Vietnamese, Haitian, and Mexican descent. 'The study found that parents' socioeconomic status, length of U.S. residence, and hours spent on homework significantly affected the students' academic performance, but did not eliminate the effects of ethnic community.'

[] -This article examines Miami-Dade's Income Statistics, several factors that contribute to Miami's small middle class, low-income residents facing additional challenges that hinder their ability to join the middle class, and that Miami can build a different future by investing in growing the middle class.

[] -this article examines Pidgin and Creole Linguistics in the 21st Century that were held as part of the conference of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, held in conjunction with the meeting of the Linguistics Society of America in New York City. It also covers the Conference on Language Diversity and Academic Achievement in the Education of African American Students.

[] -This articles examines how Haitians in the United States are achieving success in their professions, in their communities, and elsewhere. Some of that success is related to the individual's identity as Haitian and to his or her concern over Haitian issues. Some of it is not, but rather is related to US or international issues.

= = =**FALL 2009**= 8:00 SECTION // This chapter in the refugee fact sheet describes the family culture of Haitians. The entire fact sheet also offers information on history, education, language, health, religion, culture, holidays, and proverbs. //
 * 2004. Refugee fact sheet no. 10. ** **Haitians- Their History and culture//. (Family life). Retrieved from//** [|**//__http://www.cal.org/CO/haiti/hfamily.html__//**]

// This is a newspaper article that describes the struggles of Haiti, in regards to education and disease. //
 * // Barry, D, & Cullen, K. (2008, Novermber 24). Haiti's ongoing disaster. Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/11/24/haitis_ongoing_disaster/ //**

// This article mentions the reasoning for why Haitian immigrants are blamed for bringing HIV to the continental United States. It explains why this is not fair and how it could have been any other group. //
 * // Carmichael, M. (2007). Haunted by HIV origins. Newsweek, 150, 14. //**

// This YouTube clip gives an overview of the US immigration policy of Haitians. //
 * // Dobbs, L. (Producer). (2007, March 38). Haitians Land in Florida. Retrieved November 09, 2009 from //**[|**//http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPRfnICDp0I//**]

// This is a video reporting on child slavery in Haiti. //
 * // Foudra, F. (Producer). (2008, October 12). Poverty in Haiti spawns child slavery. Retrieved November 4, 2008 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnklOtfJRSE //**

// This is a detailed history of Haiti’s educational system from 1805 up to the twentieth century and today. It also gives some advice to American teachers about how to interact with Haitian students. //
 * // Haitians-Their history and culture: Education. //****// (n.d.). Retrieved //** November 8, 2009, from //**[|**//http://www.cal.org/CO/haiti/hedu.html//**]**//

// This young man is a foreign exchange student here at WSU, and is a first-hand account of what life is like in Haiti. //
 * J. Metellus, personal communication, November 11, 2009. **

// This is a web article that provides many statistics of the contributors to the poverty of Haiti. //
 * // McWade, M. (2009, September 2). Poverty in haiti. Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/fundraising-articles/poverty-in-haiti-1189453.html //**

// This is the class text that describes immigration influences on children from several different backgrounds. //
 * Portes, A, & Rumbaut, R. (2001). //Ethnicities: children of immigrants in america//.Berkeley, CA: Universirty of California Press. **


 * // Satake, A., & Vree, M. (2009). Haiti’s History. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from [|**//__http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/12/haiti_belos_sonlinks.html__//**] // This source gives accounts of Haiti’s Background, the slave uprising, recent unrest within the country, constitutional interval, and talk of recent change within the country. **

// This is a dissertation is written by a candidate for a Doctor of Education degree from Indiana University of Pennsylvania. The work discusses the several effects that immigration has on Haitian children //
 * // Stewart, M. (2008). Autobiographical narratives of Haitian adolescents separated from their parents by immigration: Resilience in the face of difficulty (Doctorate dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2008). Retrieved November 9, 2009 from http://dspace.lib.iup.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/2069/139/1/Mark+Stewart+Corrected.pdf //**

// This Haitian born man was one of the few American residents who fought against the injustice put upon the Haitian immigrants. He even took his case to the Supreme Court and was a part of the ruling that Immigration and Naturalization Service was systematically discriminating. //
 * Sullivan, P. (2009, May 29). Priest devoted life to Haitian refugees. //The Washington Post, p. B05.// **


 * What does this mean? (2008, March 16). Reprieve for a beleaguered Haiti. //The Boston Globe, p. E8.// **

=
This article describes a request from Haitian president Rene Preval asking Bush to grant temporary protected status to Haitian refugees. He stated that this would help improve his country, which in time would reduce the amount of “unfitting” immigrants to America. ======

12:30 SECTION Metellus, James. (2009). Personal communication. A interview via e-mail with a international student from Haiti.

Andre, A., & Barberousse-Nikolin, M. (2005). Up the Mountain From Petitionville: A Conversation Between Two Haitian American Queer Women. In A. Fountas (Ed.), Waking Up American ( pp. 155-171). Emeryville, Ca: Seal Press. This chapter deals with the very contrasting backgrounds of two Haitian-American Lesbian women. Though they both grew up as first-generation Haitian Americans and have felt the same discrimination, one feels great pride for her background, while the other feels no physical or emotional ties to her parents’ homeland.

Nicolas, G., DeSilva, A., & Rabenstein, K. (2009). Educational Attainment of Haitian Immigrants. //Urban Education, 44//(6), 664-686. This source describes the issues that influence the educational attainment of Haitian immigrants including gender, aspirations, and socioeconomic status.

Bailey, P. (2006, September 18). Creole controversy. //Miami Herald//. Retrieved from http://www.haitiwebs.com This source explores the controversy surrounding the language spoken by Haitians in the United States, a controversy that even occurs within Haitians themselves.

United States Census Bureau. Profile of selected economic characteristics: 2000 [Data file]. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF4_U_DP3&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF4_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on This source outlines data from the 2000 census regarding the economic characteristics of Haitian immigrants.

United States Census Bureau. Profile of selected housing characteristics: 2000 [Data file]. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF4_U_DP4&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF4_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on This source outlines data from the 2000 census regarding the housing characteristics of Haitian immigrant.

Doscher Phelps, L. (2004). //Cultural competency and Haitian immigrants//. Retrieved from http://www.salisbury.edu/nursing/haitiancultcomp/health_care_practpg3.htm This website covers a variety of topics related to cultural competency in dealing with the health issues of Haitian immigrants.

Buxton, C. (2008). The Role of language in academic and social transition of haitian children and their parents to urban u.s. schools. //Bilingual Research Journal//, 31, 47-74. This is an article that describes the role language plays in an immigrants lives, especially in schools. It describes how the identity crisis that Haitians are facing is impart cause by the language barrier.

Cultural Survival. (2009). //Haitian refugees: economic victims.// Retrieved on November 10, 2009 from [] This article talks about what is happening to the immigrants that are arriving in the United States. It also talks about a few organizations that are trying to help the immigrants gain their political asylum and an appropriate legal representation.

Jean-Francois. (2009). //Haiti: hope turns to ashes//. World Policy institute. Retrieved on November 4, 2009, from Academic Search Premier. This article talks about how Haitian immigrants living in America are sending money home to their relatives. Now that the economy is so bad, they are able to send less and less money. It also talks about what the economy is like in Haiti.

Dorman, B. (Producer). (2007). //Haitians land in florida// [Web]. Retrieved from [] Video of Haitians rationale for leaving Haiti on a 3 week journey to the U.S.. Specifically why do we allow Cubans to remain in America if they can set one foot on dry U.S. soil and not Haitians.

Sanders, D, Initials. (2009//). He called us all//. Retrieved from http://www.projecthaitiheart.org/phhAugust09newletter.htm Project Haiti Heart is an organization that was started for people who want to travel to Haiti and help with some of the issues there. It gives readers details about peoples experiences and how different Haiti is from the United states, as well as what they've seen when they've traveled to Haiti.

Video (Producer). (2006). //Kidnap capital - haiti//. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8OvnvuQcRA This video provides exclusive footage of the struggles many Haitians go through and a rationale for their departure from Haiti. It provides more details about crime, Governement, and past problems.

Lantigua, J. (2007, April 16). //Haitians work to fix gang-tainted image//. The Palm Beach Post News. Retrieved from http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/content/local_news/epaper/2007/04/16/m1a_haitigangs_0416.html. Haitian-American youths are trying to find their identities apart from gangs in south Florida.

2:00 SECTION

Albertini, Velmarie L. "Racial Mistrust Among Immigrant Minority Students." //EBSCO// // MegaFILE //. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This article discusses the views of racial mistrust amongst minority students, particularly West Indians and Haitians, and white teachers particularly in the middle school years. Low academic achievement was also a concern for the minority students. Clark, Lesley, and Jacqueline Charles. "Haitian Activists Want Obama to Address Immigration Goals." //The Miami Herald//. 25 Oct. 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This article discusses the goal of immigration that people from Haiti would like to see Obama address during his presidential term. Throughout the article it talks about the challenges, the policy of the United States, and the ‘baby steps’ that are needed to make this goal a success.

Desrameaux, Hudes. "Immigrants take America’s streets." //New York Community Media Alliance// 218 (2006). Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[] > This article is talking about activism and marching for change. It discusses how and why the Haitian immigrants are notably not present when campaigning for change. It highlights how important strong leadership is in bringing about change.

Evans, Desiree. "Florida Advocates: Stop Deporting Haitian Immigrants!" Facing South The Institute for Southern Studies, 14 May 2009. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[|www.southernstudies.org]>. Poverty in Haiti and U.S. deportation of Haitian immigrants.

Fooksman, Leon. "One Man Plans a One-Stop Center." //Sun Sentinal// 17 Mar. 2000. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. < [] > This article talks about building a center that would provide services and help for the Haitian-American immigrants. It would also display a museum of arts and souvenirs of the Haitian culture. This shows how the community is important in helping people remember the past and provide for the future.

Jean-Francois, Macollive. "Haiti: Hope Turns to Ashes." //EBSCO MegaFILE//. 2009. Web.9 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This article summarizes why individuals leave Haiti to come to America. It talks about the jobs that and individual does and what they do with the money they earn. It also talks about the struggle that these individuals endure because of our policies here in the U.S.

Joio, Daniela D. "Little Haiti: An Overview." //UPIU Beta: Connecting People One Story// //at a Time// UPIU, 2009. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[] >. This article talks about one community leader and how he came to America and built up a Haitian-American community in Miami. It talks about how he built up the community and businesses that sprang up there. It talks about how the community of Little Haiti is a spring board to help the immigrants move up in the economy and in the world.

Lendman, Stephen. "US Discriminatory Immigration Policy Toward Haitians." Baltimore Chronicle and Sentinel N.p., 27 Feb. 2009. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[|www.baltimorechronicle.com]>. Natural disaster and poverty in Haiti. U.S. government reaction to Haitian immigrants.

Lush, Tamara. "Haitian Roots Deepening." //St. Petersburg Times// 6 May 2002. Web. 5 Nov. 2009 < [|http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti-archive/msg11821.html] >. This article discusses how the Haitian community has evolved and grown so that people are becoming prosperous and are thriving. It also discusses how the community has evolved and how they participate in activities that unite the community, such as watching soccer games. It also discusses how political change is slowly coming about in the Haitian-American communities. The final section addresses how important education is to the Haitian community and how the children who come here adjust to the American education system.

Mee, Katie. "A Life Dedicated to Helping Haitians." //Palm Beach Post// 19 July 2007. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This article talks about how community centers are common in Haitian-American areas, and how they are important to the community. It talks about a specific man who is the father of this community center and how he tried to build up the community and allow for them to become functioning and blossoming members of the American community.

Nicolas, Guerda, Angela DeSilva, and Kelly Rabenstein. "Education Attainment of Haitian Immigrants." Urban Education 44.6: 664-86. Print. A study of the education of Haitian immigrants in the United States.

Pierre-Pierre, Garry. "For Haitian Immigrants, Radio Remains a Passion." The New York Times 20 July 1993. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This article is about how radio is important to the Haitian immigrant community. It discusses why radio is so important and what information is gleaned from the radio. It discusses one specific radio personality and what his personal experience has been regarding the radio and the Haitian-American community. Different individuals discuss what radio means to them and why they listen to the radio.

Roebling, Elizabeth, and Auguste Cantave. "Haiti-Dominican Republic: Solace in Solidarity." Global Issues N.p., 16 Mar. 2009. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[|www.GlobalIssues.org]>. The education of Haitians in their native country and the struggles they face in immigrating.

Rosenthal, Beth Spenciner. "//The influence of social support on school completion among Haitians.// Social Work in Education. 17, 1, pp.30-39. Jan. 1995. Web. Nov. 2009. <[]>. This article highlights the importance of social support in the lives of Haitians and their educational endeavors.

Trinity College Haiti Program. //Haiti & the USA: Neighbors Linked by History and// //Community// Trinity College Haiti Program, 2003. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This is an incredibly informative website, and one with a plethora if information regarding five cities boasting communities of Haitian immigrants. The sections discuss the background of the Haitian immigrants, where the communities are located in each city, some issues that are present among that community, and specific community members who are well known or who have accomplished something great. This website breaks down the differences among the Haitian immigrants depending on where the community is located. It provides great examples of how different concerns plague different areas. The website also provides information on the waves of immigration and how they differed. This is a very informative resource for the Haitian immigrant community.

Zéphir, Flore. //Haitian immigrants in Black America: a sociological and sociolinguistic// //portrait//. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1996. 153. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. <[]>. This is an incredible book, but the page I concentrated on was discussing what teachers can do in order to incorporate and properly teach all students, including Haitian students. It discusses what strategies educators can employ in order offer the best education to the students. It also discusses why it is important to carry on traditions for the younger generation and how classes and education can aid in this.

9:30 (2010)

12:30 (2010) Ibokette, Yolette. (2002). //Haitian students: educational challenges and strategies for success//. Retrieved from www.achievementseminars.com/seminar.../Ibokette%20paper%200712.pdf [|www.achievementseminars.com/seminar.../Ibokette%20paper%200712.pdf] This source bring to light two groups of students who come to our schools, factors that contribute to their success of failure, the challenges they face and practices that are successful with students and their parents.

Craythorne, J. (2006). //Assimlating to black american//. Retrieved from http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0017320/craythorne_j.pdf [] This source includes how the identity choices of Hatian immigrants and Hatian-American students are impacted by racial and economic segregation. It breaks down these issues by race, class, and gender. It also focuses on their assimilation mainly into Black America.

Rumbaut, Ruben and Portes, Alejandro. (2001). //Ethnicities: shifting identities and intergenerational conflict.// The Regents of the University of California. P.229-66. This chapter gives examples of the trials Haitians in Miami face in the school system. The pain and shame of being a Haitian constantly assail second-generation Haitians in Florida.

GCA,. (Producer). (2009). //In the life of a haitian school child short//. [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYDr-rVbFeo. This video bring to light the different struggles Haitian students face at home and at school. This video is to give you the opportunity to learn more about the needs of the Haitian people and about Great Commission Alliance (GCA).

Camarota, Steven A.. "Fact Sheet on Haitian Immigrants in the United States | Center for Immigration Studies." Center for Immigration Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. http://www.cis.org/HaitianImmigrantFactSheet This website gives statics on the Haitian population in the United States. It also gives geographical information of the Haitians in the United States.

Dodson, Howard, and Sylviane Diouf. Haitian immigration: 20th century. (n.d.). //AAME//. Retrieved April 8, 2010, from . This site describes Haitian life from the migration to the United States to the Second Generation of the family. Categories include: trends, migration, prejudice, politics, religion, family life, etc. Also included are links to other sites about Haitian Americans.

Migration Policy Institute. (2010). Migration information source - Haitian immigrants in the United States. //Migration Information Source//. Retrieved April 8, 2010, from . This website has many statistics about Haitians living in the United States. A lot of census and demographic information is included.

Advameg, Inc. (2010). Haitians. //Countries and Their Cultures.// Retrieved April 8, 2010, from . Haitian history and how Haitians are able to acculturate is described in this website. Haitian ways of life, from weddings to music to funurals, this website has a lot of information.

McGoldrick, Monica, Joe Giordano, and Nydia Garcia-Preto. (2005). //Ethnicity and family therapy//. New York: The Guilford Press. This book describes many different ethnic groups and facts about their family life. Discussed are issues that families may have when living in America or things that have come up during therapy sessions. The chapter on Haitians includes the history, language, discipline and education of children, and more.

Ariza, N. Eileen. (2002). //Coping with cultures in the classroom: what everyday teachers should know.// Retrieved April 8, 2010, from <[|www.hiceducation.org/edu_proceedings/Eileen%20N.%20Ariza2.pdf]> This pdf talks about different culture in the American classroom and their specific needs. The section of Haitian-American students gives way for teachers to understand what type of issues a Haitian student may be facing when in their classroom and the expectations a teacher should have for that student. This pdf breaks it down into headings that are easy to follow and most informative.