Cubanimmigrants

Summer 2010

Spring 2010 TH 9:30-10:50 Resources: Business Services Industry (2002). //USAID Offers Scholarships to Cubans//. Retrieved from: [] - Ways that America is trying to make Cubans more assimilated. The United States wanted to give the Cuban students an opportunity to enroll in colleges. They would study political science, economics, U.S and Latin America History, agribusiness, computer and small business management. In return, the Cubans that got the opportunity to go to school will return to Cuba to educate their people. Carnoy, Martin. (Fall 2007). Cuba’s Academic Advantages. //Center for Latin American Studies, UC Berkley.// //-//This was a great source and helped us with the education part of Cubans. We learned that Cubans excel in school and that even the low income students tested higher than most of the upper class students in the rest of the region. The schools have well trained staff on hand and the students attend regularly. We used this source when linking teacher expectations to categories dealing with school.
 * USAID offers Scholarships to Cubans**

Center for Inter-American Policy and Research. //The Cuban Condition: Migration, Remittances, and its Dispora.// (Data file). Retrieved from: [|www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/cuban%20condition%20migration%] [|200re] __mittances_FINAL.pdf__ -Migration became key in the Cuban culture. Many of the Cubans wanted to come to American to find a better life and to get away from the political affairs in their country. With the rise of the Cuban Immigration in the past 10 years, laws are starting to be imposed for letting immigrants come to the United States. When migration happens to America, there is a ratio of 3:1 for women to men coming over to Cuba. The main reason that there are so many women wanting to come to United States, is “to improve their life and that of the family”.
 * The Cuban Condition: Migration, Remittance and it’s Diaspora**

Countries and their Cultures. (2001). Cuba Retrieved from: [] This gave us a lot of valuable information relating to all the aspects we needed. It talked about their education, their incoming resources, general culture, as well as when they migrated to the US. It explained the migration waves and which Cubans usually came in which wave. It talked about their close-knit families and neighborhoods in Cuba and how that related to their patterns here.

Cuba-Junky. (2001). Retrieved from: [|http://www.cuba-junky.com/cuba/cuba-education.html] This website provided the structure of the Cuban school system. It told when class was in session, and the types of schooling along with the ages of the children in that school. It also provided the length of the program, and the type of uniform they wear. It goes through and tells about University level studies, as well as teacher education and how the training for that is. We used this website the school system and the ages of the children and when they attend.

The Cuban Experience Culture. (1998). Education in Cuba. Retrieved from: [] We used this website to further our understanding of Cuban education. It provided us with statistics on the population that went to obtain degrees. It helped us also to understand that Cubans compete for the best educational opportunities. There were other tabs to click on that went into detail on the Cuban culture that also helped us to find more statistics.

//Cubans-their history and culture //. (2004, February 2). Retrieved from [] This article gives valuable information on Cuba’s political, religious, and family life. We found the section on family life very useful. We learned that the extended family is strong, and often they will live together. Community is also considered to be family for Cubans. Grogg, P. (2009). //Cuba’s Gender Equality Issues.// Retrieved from: [] -In the Cuban culture males make the tough decisions, where as women are viewed as mostly meek and care takers. The challenge that most women face is the equality for education in their country. When they are in Cuba they have to take care of the children and the senior citizens too. The males do not participate equally in these tasks.
 * Cuba’s Gender Equality Issues**

//(2009).History of Cuban Immigration to the United States//. US Immigration Support. [] -This source was helpful in giving the history of why Cubans immigrated to the US. It also talked about the statistics and where each group immigrated. We also learned what the immigrants received upon their arrival in America.

Higher Education for Cubans. (2008). //Cuban American Scholarship// Retrieved from: [] This article talks about the opportunities that many of the Cubans Americans are to get a scholarship. The scholarship is to target the Cuban Americans, and give them the same opportunities that many of the American families have. They have 12 scholarships, with three main categories of the scholarship. The first is The Mas Family scholarship. The second is the Cuban American Scholarship Fund. Finally the last scholarship is the Cuban-American CPA Association
 * Cuban American Scholarship**

Jan E. Mutchfer, PhD, and Sara Brallier, MA, (2001). English Language Proficiency Among // Older Hispanics in the United State // retrieved from: []
 * English Language Proficiency Among ** ** Older Hispanics in the United States **
 * -**This article talks about how more of the older generations have a harder time to learn English. According to this article it states that if you were a Cuban that was born in America your English is going to be a lot better than if you come as an immigrant. This artless states a lot of examples as to why Cubans that are born in American are more likely to learn English rather than the older Hispanic generations.

NationMaster. (2009). //Cuban Education Stats.// Retrieved from: [] -This article give a lot of stats about the Cuban population and their education. It also ranks the country compared to other countries in the world to their educational status. For example, It say that the average year that a Cuban is in school is 12 years, but for men it is 11 years. The article also It gives a lot of statistical information about were they are spending their money one. The number one thing is their education system right now.
 * Central America and the Caribbean > Cuba > Education **

Portes, A. & Rumbaut, R. G. (2001). //Ethnicities.// New York: Russell Sage Foundation. -Talk about how there are co-curricular actives for proficiency in Spanish, such as Spanish club, Spanish cultural school fairs, and writing contest. This is important because we want to support in school to those Cubans who want to retain their culture from their origin. These experience that are provided that student provide to their classmates helps broaden their horizon dealing with other cultures.
 * Ethnicities Children of Immigrants in America**

Rodriguez-Hakes, Betty. (2008-2009). //Cuban Foods & Culture Information.// Gourmet Betty. [|http://www.gourmetbetty.com/cubancorner.htm] -This source was useful to make the connections about how Cuban immigrants keep their Cuban roots and traditions. It also talks about how Cuban families open restaurants and serve Cuban food. It gave examples about how Cubans celebrate holidays and how they incorporate both American and Cuban traditions.

U.S. Immigration Support. (2009). Cuban immigration to the United States. Retrieved from [] This website explained reasons for Cuban immigration. Fidel Castro’s dictatorship had a significant role in Cuban’s seeking opportunities in the United States. We learned that over 30,000 Cuban’s came to the U.S. in 1994.

World Health Organization. (2001). Cuba demographic indicators. Retrieved from [] This website provides the demographic information of Cuba from 2001. We learned that the population of Cuba is around 11,000,000. The male and female population is relatively equal. The site also provided valuable information on socioeconomic, political, and demographic trends. Bregman, Martin. (Producer), & DePalma, Brian. (Director).(1983). //Scarface// [Motion picture]. United States: Universal. (This movie is about a Cuban immigrant that came to America after Castro took over. The movie talks about how he made a living in the United States.)
 * 1) **Spring 2010**

Brice, Alejandro. //An Introduction to Cuban Culture for Rehabilitation Service Providers//. Retrieved on April 8, 2010 from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/monographs/cuba.php#s5b (This article gives an introduction to the Cuban culture. It talks about family structure, family values, cultural influences, etc.)

Buffington, Sean. //Cuban Americans//. Retrieved on April 8, 2010 from [] (This article talks about the immigration waves of the Cubans. They also talk about the history and education of Cubans.)

Carnoy, Martin. (2008, June 25). //Are Cuba's Schools Better Than Ours?// Retrieved on April 8, 2010 from [] (This article talks about Cuban schools and if their schools are better than the United States schools. They also compare a Cuban’s education to an American’s education.)

//Cuba- Statistics//. (2010, March 2). Unicef. Retrieved April 8, 2010 from [] (This website is full of statistics about Cuba. They have statistics about health, education, children, women, etc.)

// Cuban Immigration to the United States //. US Immigration Support. Retrieved April 8, 2010 from [] (This website is about Cuban immigration to the United States. They talk about the waves of immigration and how the policies have changed.)

//Cuban Immigration to the United States//. (2004, February 18). Retrieved April 15, 2010 from [] (This website is about Cuban immigration. They have information about the people, education, health, values, etc.)

//Cubans in the United States//. (2006, August 25). 1-16. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from [] (This website is a fact sheet on Cuban Americans in the United States. They have information about economic conditions, populations, education, etc.)

Gonzalez, Emilia. (2009, October 11). //Tips For Teacher Who Teach ESOL Students if Cuban Origin//. //Center For Strategic and Multicultural Studies Magazine//. Retrieved April 13, 2010 from [] (This article talks about tips that teacher should know when teaching Cuban students.)

iCue (2000, January 15). Cuban Immigrants Are Given Preferential Treatment in the Eyes of Many Other Immigrants. [Video File] Retrieved from [] (This video clip is about how some immigrant groups thinks that the Cubans get better treatment than they do.)

Johnson, Kevin. R. Immigration Law Racialization of Latina/Latino. Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/immigr02.htm (This article talks about the racialization of Cubans in the United States.)

Minster, Christopher. //Traditional Cuban Foods: Ropa Vieja, Picadillo the Famous Cuban Sandwich and More! // Suite101. (2008, April 21). Retrieved April 8, 2010 from [] (This article talks about traditions of Cubans.)

Race and Racialization - Historical Background, How Latinas and Latinos Became Racialized in the United States, and Contemporary Trends. Retrieved April 8, 2010 frrom http://www.jrank.org/cultures/pages/4366/Race-Racialization.htm (This website talks about the racialization of Cubans from the past and present.)

Rumbaut, Ruben. G., & Portes, Alejandro. (2001). Growing Up in Cuban Miami. //In Ethnicities Children of Immigrants in America// (pp. 91-125). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. (This chapter talks about Cubans that are in America. They talk about the immigration waves and reason why they left Cuba.)

VOAvideo. (2009, January 19). 50 Year Later, Cuban-Americans Recall Fleeing as Children. [Video file]. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from [] (This video clip is interviews with people that fled Cuba 50 years ago.)


 * **RESOURCES ON CUBAN IMMIGRANTS**

“Culturally competent practice with immigrant and refugee children and families” (By: Rowena Fong, Dedicates an entire chapter about Cuban immigrant children/families. Gives a historical background and then discusses Cuban immigrants experiences and adjustments to their new community, schools, and lifestyle after arriving into the U.S.) [] (A video that talks about how other immigrants believe Cuban immigrants receive preferential treatment when arriving into the United States)
 * Book: **
 * Websites: **

[] (Structure and statistics of Cuban education from 2004-2005)

[] (Overall facts of Cubans in the United States)

[] (Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Cuba)

[|http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubanimmigration.html] (History of Cuban immigration to the United States) [] (Background information of modern day Cuba) [|http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-context=ip&-reg=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201:403;ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201PR:403;ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201T:403;ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201TPR:403&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-geo_id=05000US12086&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en] U.S. Census Bureau: Miami-Dade County, Florida S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States More information about this table... Population Group: Cuban Data Set: 2005-2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates Survey: American Community Survey

[|http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/] NCES: Do you have questions about what the nation's students know and can do? (With the NAEP Data Explorer (NDE) you can create statistical tables, charts, and maps to help you find answers. Explore the results of decades of assessment of students' academic performance, as well as information about factors that may be related to their learning.)

[|http://www.jstor.org/stable/4149564?&Search=yes&term=cuban&term=immigration&term=education&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dcuban%2Bimmigration%2Beducation%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplines&item=6&ttl=2742&returnArticleService=showArticle] JSTOR Article: Grounding Immigrant Generations in History: Cuban Americans and Their Transnational Ties (Examines two different generations of Cuban immigrants: reasons for leaving, cross-border ties, ability to "transform")

[] ( This website talks about the history of Cuba as well as the Revolution and some of the waves of Immigration. It also talks about where Cuban immigrants settled and their acculturation and assimilation into the United States.)

[] (This website talks about the waves of Immigration to the United States as well as the push and pull factors as to why people immigrated to the US.)

[|http://www.eric.ed.gov:80/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jspnfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED481610&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED481610] (This website talks about a study done comparing wages of white and nonwhite Cuban immigrants.)

[] (This website talks about a study where Cuban and Mexican immigrants were interviewed and asked numerous questions upon their arrival into the US and a few years after their arrival.)

[] (This article talks about resent Cuban immigration into the US.)

[|http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubanimmigration.html] (This website talks about the history of Cuban immigration to the US.)

[|http://www.answers.com/topic/cuban-american] (This website talks about the waves of Cuban immigrants as well as where they settled.)

[|http://www.naschools.net/teachers/hispanic%20immigrants.htm] (This website gives a ton of websites about Cuban immigrants.)

[|http://www.cal.org/co/cubans/RESE.HTM] (This talks about the resettlement problems Cubans have had in America.) [|http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2007039] (National Center for Education Issues: This page has a couple pdf files attached to it that point out the statistics that go along with minority education issues.)

[] (Covers the assimilation issues dealing with a number of different immigrant groups.)

= = =**FALL 2009**= 8:00 SECTION WEBSITE Americans.html** Retrieved November 5,2009, from pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/23.pdf** 3)Salerno, K. (n.d.). Equity In Elementary and Secondary Education: Race, Gender, and National Origin Issues: Latino Timeline. //UM.SiteMaker Home: Home//.Retrieved November 5, 2009 from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/educationalequity/latino_timeline
 * 1) Buffington, S. (n.d.).** **Cuban Americans.** //**Countries and Their Cultures.**// **Retrieved**
 * November 5, 2009, from http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr/Cuban
 * This is a great internet source that gives an overview of Cuban immigration. It discusses the history, slavery, revolution, modern era, significant immigration waves and settlement patterns of Cubans in the United States.
 * 2) Cubans in the United States. (2006, August 25).** //**Fact Sheet**//**.
 * This internet source offered a lot of statistics that compared Cubans to other ethnicities in the area of education. It also offered relevant stats of native-born verses foreign-born Cubans.
 * This internet source is a book review of a book by Victoria - María MacDonald, titled // Latino Education in the United States, A Narrated History. // Included in the book review is a timeline for education of Latinos and more specifically Cubans. The timeline spans from the early 1900’s until June 1980.

from** **http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1**
 * 4)** **Cuba. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from** [|**http://everyculutre.com/cuba**]
 * This website gives you an overview of the Cuban culture. It website introduces information about the demographics, history of the country, its national identity, basic customs, and how the labor is divided among the people. The website goes into great detail about the Cuban Revolution and how that has affected it financially and the how the people have adjusted.
 * 5)** **The Hispanic Population: Census 2000 Brief. Retrieved November 4, 2009,

from** [|**http://www.cia.gov/library/puplications/the-world-**] __**Factbook/geos/cu.html#top**__ **.**
 * This website from 2000 might be a bit dated for now, but it is the newest update. The site shows where many of the Cubans are located in the United States. It also gives a great look as to where other Hispanics, and other immigrates are living.
 * 6)** **The World Factbook: Cuba. Retrieved
 * This website gives general facts about the country of Cuba. It also gives information about the people and culture of Cuba. There is a brief hisroty of the country. The site goes into great detail about statistical numbers and is very thorough with the information.

JOURNALS The roles of Class, Ethinicity, and School context.** //**Sociology of Education**// //**, 69**// **(4), 255-275.**
 * 1) Portes, A., & MacLeod, D. (1996). Educational Progress of Children of Immigrants:
 * A study done to determine how minority groups are changing in their educational achievement though the first to second wave of immigrants.


 * 2) Torres, V. (2004). The Diversity Among Us.** //**New Directions for Student Services**// **(105), 5-16**
 * Discusses the lumping of several Caribbean minority group and how they have vast differences in achievement levels in the US

Latino-Anglo Social Contact.**//**Social Science Quartlerly, 81, 67**//**-83.**
 * 3)** **Welch, Susan. & Lee Sigelman. (2000). Getting to Know You?
 *  This journal article looks at Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican and how much contact they have with each other, once in the United States. It is a case study that looks at whether or not these groups associate themselves with people of their own culture or if they socialize with whites and other ethnic groups.

//**Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies**//**, 7:3, 250-266**
 * 4) Alberts, H.C. (2009). The Missing Evidence for Ethnic Solidarity among Cubans in Miami.**
 * A research study done one the ethnic solidarity of Cuban’s living in Miami, FL. The results showed a lack of ethnic solidarity between the early revolution refugees and the present Cuban refugees.

Conceptions of Good Parent-Adolescent Relationships among Cuban American Teenagers.** //**Sex Roles. 60**//**, 7-8.**
 * 5) Crockett, L; Brown, L.; Hubide, M.; Russell, S.; Wilkinson-Lee, A. (2009).
 * A study designed to look at Cuban American adolescent’s ideas of good parent-child relationships and this idea reflects cultural values and gender roles. The results showed a strong daily relationship between mothers and their adolescents, and a less involved disciplinarian relationship between fathers and their adolescents.

Cuban Ties Across** **the Straits.** //**Diplomacy & Statecraft. 20,**// **322-340.**
 * 6) Eckstein, S.; Krull, C. (2009). From Barriers to Bridges:
 * This article uses historically grounded generational frame of analysis to explain why Cuban’s initially divided deeply over the revolution.

BOOKS

1**) Gasperini, L. (2000).** //**The Cuban education system: Lessons and dilemmas (Country**// **studies)**//**. Washington D.C: Education Reform And Management Team, Human Development Network - Education, World Bank.**//
 * This book source discusses the idea how Cubans excel more than other Latin American populations and gives facts as to what makes their education system so effective. The third chapter talks about some questions that may arise concerning the future of the Cuban education system.


 * 2) Parkerson, D. (2008).** //**The American Teacher: Foundations of Education**//**. New York: Routledge.**
 * This book source describes how early Cuban immigrants from the 50’s and 60’s were more wealthy and often sent their children to private Cuban schools. They were determined to uphold their culture and language and often encouraged students to attend private elementary and secondary schools. It also teaches us about the education Cubans get today in our society.

12:30 SECTION WEBSITE: 1. [] a. This website gives a summary and examples of individuals who have been separated from their families as a result of the travel restrictions to Cuba. It also then talks about why the Bush administration imposed these travel restrictions. 2. Cubans in the United States. (2006, August 25). //Pew Hispanic center//. Retrieved November 11, 2009,from [] a. This website gives a big overview of Cubans in the United States. It touches on everything from Education, Economic Characteristics, Family life, and politics. Contains graphs and charts that make for easier understanding. 3. [] a. Brief summary on the Freedom Tower in Miami, FL including past and present significance. 4. [] a. Home site of the Cuban American National Foundation.

5. []

a. History of Cuban Immigration to the United States through the eyes of U.S. Immigration Support.

6. [] a. Brief summary of the “Freedom Flights” from Cuba to Miami in the late 1960’s b. (2nd wave of Cuban immigrants).

7. [] a. Brief summary of the Mariel Boatlift (3rd wave of Cuban immigrants)

8. [] a. This video clip shows Cuban rafters and smugglers and describes the declining rates of immigration from Cuba. PRINT: 1. [] a. This Journal article titled “The Elder in the Cuban American Family: Making sense of the Real and Ideal”, gives perception of life from elderly Cuban Americans. There are examples in this text about results of migration, why family dynamics are changing, and what the culture is like now.

2. [] a. This article talks about the role of the Cuban American community. It gives a lot of detailed information on financial, economical, and political standpoints of this community. It also has many percentages and facts available to read.

3. Adolescent English language learners. (2007, May). //District Administration, 43//(5), 88. Retrieved From: []a98d5553ebf55293%40sessionmgr111&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=25090260%23db=aph&AN=25090260

a. This article explains important information about English language learners. It overviews strategies and techniques teachers can and should use to better teach ELL students.

4. Alicea, M., & Toro-Morn, M. (2004). //Migration and immigration//. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub Group. a. This book had an entire chapter on the reception of the US in many different forms.

5. Suárez-Orozco, C., Suárez-Orozco, M. M., & Todorova, I. (2008). The challenge of learning English. In Learning a new land (pp. 146-166).

a. This chapter includes information on many different immigrant groups, as well as English Language Learners in general. It describes the difficulties in learning the English language and the effects that can have on academic performance.

6. Suárez-Orozco, C., Suárez-Orozco, M. M. (2001). Children of Immigration. (pg 96-118). a. This part of this book talking mainly about social mirorring and the styles of adaptation.

2:00 SECTION

//immigrants entering America since the revolution in Cuba in 1959.)//
[] //(This webpage answers a lot of questions that immigrants from Cuba face. It also addresses people that can be contacted for help when trying to immigrate.)//
 * 3) ITA, . (1996, January 31).** //**Cuban immigration to the USA**//**. Retrieved from**

===5) Pew Hispanic Center (2006). Cubans in the United States . Retrieved November 9, 2009, from [|http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/23.pdf] . === === (//This website gives you an overview on the portrait of the Cuban population in the United States. It also contains results from a survey and many important topics about Cubans in the United States. It discusses their identity, economic characteristics, education, language, attitudes, and many others.)// ===

2) Cislo, Andrew (2008). Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem, Contrasting Cuban and Nicaraguan Young Adults, 230-246 . Retrieved from “Academic Search Premier database”.
=== (This journal //article compares and contrasts Cubans and Nicaraguan adults.// //This article goes into how Cubans see themselves in society and how they value themselves as individuals over other minorities. )// ===


 * 3)** **Ramstack, T. (2008, July 13). Cubans Throng U.S. via Mexico; Treaty to Target**

Trafficker Gangs. The Washington Times, pg. A01. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from
===mailto:[[[[@http://www.lexisnexis.com.wsuproxy.mnpals.net/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_ T7834960132&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7834960141&cisb=22_ T7834960140&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8176&docNo=1h|[[@http://www.lexisnexis.com.wsuproxy.mnpals.net/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_ T7834960132&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7834960141&cisb=22_ T7834960140&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8176&docNo=1h]]===

=== **4) Williams, S. (2008). Cuba and Color in a Country Where Nationalism Trumps Race, Bigotry and Discrimination Still Complicate the Lives of Cubans of African Descent, 158-164.** Retrieved from “Academic Search Premier database”. === === (This journal article explains the difference between native-born Cubans and Cubans of African decent. The Cubans of African decent are called Afro-Cubans and they are the majority of the population in Cuba. This article explains their struggles in Cuban compared with the native-born Cubans. It shows the discrimination issues that are going on in Cuba. ) ===

5) Adams, D. (2009, May 24). Cuban Spice- That’s Nice. St. Petersburg Times, pg. 2L.
=== Retrieved November 9, 2009, from [|http://www.lexisnexis.com.wsuproxy.mnpals.net/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7834960132&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7834960141&cisb=22_ T7834960140&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=11063&docNo=h] ===